Sustainable Heat Transfer Management: Modeling of Entropy Generation Minimization and Nusselt Number Development in Internal Flows with Various Shapes of Cross-Sections Using Water and Al2O3/Water Nanofluid

In order to achieve the best performance of a thermal system, two major analyses must be carried out on system: energy and entropy generation. The scenario is mechanism in which system has minimum generation highest Nu number. this regard, we investigated number fluid flow through tubes various cross-sections, namely circular tubes, square channels, rectangular ducts. Additionally, addition nanoparticles was tested, both were out. results reveal that using could significantly increase and, at same time, decrease showed cross-section performs better most cases, performed than one terms entropy. case, average for 26% greater square. value 5% cross-section. total minimum, 44% 38% lower respectively.